Reggae, the music associated with replace feelings, dreadlocks and sunsplash, was dried up and gone, replaced by dancehall techno-drivel that had no place on home stereo equipment. The reggae rap was a crazy kick for a while. But soon the Shaba Ranks started sounding like the Nardo Ranks.

Who could tell the difference? And did anyone really care? The result of this singular realisation was to produce more "roots" reggae. The results of which have burst forth onto the American market, top-quality albums from The Mystic Revealers, Luciano, Michael Rose, Kreyol Syndikat, Nadine Sutherland and many more.

The second, less expensive alternative, was to re-release classic records on CD, a slurry of which have been produced by Heartbeat, Island, Blood and Fire, all big sellers, and good returns for the investment. Unfortunately, the sound production remains very primitive compared to today’s standards. The third alternative has been to license in America previously recorded material produced by African reggae artists.

Africans have been making real “roots” reggae for 20 years, and it’s fantastic stuff, largely unnoticed by an international market. Reggae has always been big in Africa. But the musical genre really took off sometime after Bob Marley’s concert on Zimbabwe’s independence. Africans still talk about that 1980 concert in Harare, much like Americans talk about the 1964 Beatles’ tour of this country. Today, reggae bands play in every region, with most of the activity in South Africa, Ivory Coast or Nigeria. Although it may seem like there is little difference in the African versus the Jamaican sound, when you listen to a lot of reggae music, the difference is considerable.

For one, reggae exported from Jamaica often identifies with the American sound. Kingston (Jamaican) artists shadow their urban music counterparts here in the Us. Slack-ness (obscenity) is the key and the ragga style (rap) permeates into every song. Lyrics glamorize sex and violence, while the roots sound had, until recently, been left to the dinosaurs. The Jamaican studios are a highly prolific lot, but turn out more garbage than gold.

Whereas, the Africans have carried on the tradition that was planted in Harare by Bob Marley, although it would be unfair to say that ragga has not increased in popularity. The overall result is a fresher, livelier, and innocent sound, yet embracing controversial topics, such as Alpha Blondy’s "Abortion is a Crime", that one cannot help but admire their idealism.

The sound identifies less with American music and more with the current trends in popular African music. For example, Ivory Coast native, Alpha Blondy incorporated West African rhythms in his album Apartheid is Nazism, an album that launched his international career in the early 1980’s.

More recently, Malian native Askia Modibo, took on a very traditional approach, welding reggae with the pentatonic music of the Wassoulou on Wass-Reggae, released in 1995. Even the more Jamaican sound of the Nigerian band The Mandators, and later of their lead guitarist Majek Fashek still emotes an African ambience. Besides better quality production, the song writing is clearly superior. With the obvious differences in lyrical sound.